Vaccinium erythrocarpum

Vaccinium erythrocarpum
In Blood Mountain, Georgia
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Vaccinium
Subgenus:	Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus
Species:	V. erythrocarpum
Binomial name
Vaccinium erythrocarpum Michx. 1803
Synonyms
Hugeria erythrocarpa

Vaccinium erythrocarpum, commonly known as southern mountain cranberry or bearberry, more rarely as mountain blueberry or dingleberry, is a deciduous flowering shrub native to the Southeastern United States.

Description

Vaccinium erythrocarpum flowers bloom in June. They are hermaphrodite, of a tubular shape with reflexed petals, and they have long tassel-like stamens that drape below the corolla. They produce somewhat translucent scarlet berries that set in late summer or early autumn. The fruits taste quite similar to other cranberries.

• 
  1913 illustration
• 
  BONAP county-level distribution map (2014)

Taxonomy

Vaccinium erythrocarpum was long considered synonymous with V. japonicum, found in East Asia, however two have since been split into separate species. Both species are now considered members of the cranberry subgenus Oxycoccus, both also placed into the section Oxycoccoides. These species within sect. Oxycoccoides differ from the rest of the subgenus as they are deciduous shrubs while sect. Oxycoccus consists of trailing evergreen vines.

Distribution

This species is found in the Southern and Central Appalachians at high elevations, often at prominences within the landscape (especially at the southern end of their range). They can be found in the states of North Carolina, Virginia. and West Virginia. They can be found more rarely listed in Kentucky and Georgia.

Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by insects (primarily large bees). Their berries are edible, and are consumed readily by wildlife. The plant generally grows in woodlands and areas of dappled shade, primarily in mixed oak-heath forests. This species is commonly found on Southern Appalachian heath balds, where it is often a prominent member of the shrub layer.

Uses

The berries are edible. The rarity of the plants and the small quantity of fruits they produce restrict commercial production.